О пирамидах и не только (артефакты и антифакты).

[ЁшкинЛес]

То Агафон
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaemweset

http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/sethe_urk_I.pdf

Про нее не известно ничего - из пяти строк практически две фразы .Ранние египтологи (Вайс Лепсиус Петри и др. ) вообще ее не "видели и не описывали". По тексту там толку ноль - пирамиду царь построил похоронен 23 дня 4 месяца лета (встречается зима) остальное не разобрать ,один картуш видно про остальные домыслы. Очень часто попадается мнение (Захи Хавасс , Ленер ) ,что это так называемые лейблы Хеумваста - он многие пирамиды восстанавливал и наносил метки о реконструкции в память о потомках - на Унисе ,Джосере,Сахуре и много там их есть ... бывало и разбирал пирамиды, правда одну и видимо это Менкаухора пирамида (судя по Берлеву и ее отсутствию ). Наличие надписи лично для меня вообще странно ,т.к. это и не поминальная формула и (поэтому там выдумывают картуши Шепсекафа) не указ царя о захоронении ,но нигде и подобного нет в ДЦ.Нигде не писали на сомой пирамиде ,а ставили стелы с текстом указа . По тексту там не могут определить ДЦ это или НЦ ,но по выписанному я соглашусь ,что это просто не стиль ДЦ и явно. Кроме этого есть на мой взгляд фактор вообще отвергающий датировку этой метки как сделанной в ДЦ - это разница между датами указанными в Палермо камне и на самой метке,а ведь речь идет о одном сроке- МЕнкаура правил А лет Б месяцев С дней - в Палермо это последняя графа. А на метке указано ,что ?? - разные даты в итоге . Поэтому, что там принц при реконструкции написал фиг его знает ,это не ДЦ надпись. Кроме этого принц таскал с плато статуи ,в том числе и Менкауры в новый храм в Мит Рахина и снимал камень с пирамид для этого "святого" дела. Рядом валялась парная статуя Амона из гранита времен Рамсеса 2 - гранит откуда взяли для нее? Поэтому эта надпись может содержать а-ля Кавабовскую надпись на основании статуи Каваба из Мит Рахины. И т.д. ,а так инфы про нет и никогда видимо и не было.
Нельзя и сбрасывать другой вариант - это я покупал статью про МЕнкауру в журнале это кусок -
I.E.S. Edwards wrote in The Pyramids of Egypt (Pelican Books/Penguin Books, London/New York, 1947): “This lid, which is now in the British Museum, can hardly have been made in the time of Mycerinus, for it is of a pattern not used before the Saite Period. The identity of the bones is extremely problematical: there is certainly no proof that the belonged to the king.”
German Egyptologist and architect Ludwig Borchardt (18631938), says Edwards, believed it was the work of Saite restorers, who entered the pyramid, found it in disarray, and the body lying exposed.
“The Saites, it must be supposed, simply placed the body in the new inner coffin and restored it to its original sarcophagus, making no structural alterations of any kind,” wrote Edwards.
It now appears that during the Saite Period (664-525 BC), there was an artistic tendency to recreate the past. Joyce Tyldesely has an explanation for this “stylistic anachronism”. Menkaura, she says, was an “especial favourite” of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty restorers and it seems that in his case, restoration extended to providing the king with a new coffin and, perhaps, a new body.
That the Saite restorers also provided Menkaura with a “new” body has also been disproved. Radio-carbon dating shows that the remains probably date to the Coptic Christian period about two thousand years ago.
“Presumably,” says Bob Brier in Egyptian Mummies, “this tomb was later robbed but in the Christian era another body was placed in the tomb.”
The British Museum now cites artefact EA 46647 as an example of “robbery, reburial and re-cycling”:
“The style of the coffin, with its pedestal beneath the feet, and the wording of the inscription, date it to the Twenty-fifth to Twenty-sixth Dynasties and suggest the burial of Menkaura was restored during this time. A cult of the deceased king is known to have been re-established at this period. These activities can be related to the contemporary widespread interest in the greatness of Egypt’s past.
“Human remains found near the coffin and once thought to be those of the king have been shown by carbon-14 dating to belong to an intrusive burial of the medieval period.”
To summarise, the theory first postulated that the anthropoid coffin and bones belonged to that Menkaura proved to be incorrect. Research later showed that, stylistically, the carving on the lid could not be from the Fourth Dynasty but was from the Saite Period, almost two thousand years later.
Radio-carbon dating of the human remains later confirmed that the mummy was from the first centuries AD. Neither the lid nor the mummy is that of Menkaura. Current thinking is that Saite priests, with a reverence for Menkaura, found his burial chamber plundered and piously made a new coffin for the reburial. The pyramid was, presumably, again robbed, but in the Christian era another body was placed in the tomb.

Саиты ? как раз делали деревянный саркофаг и вкладывали его опять в гробницу и эта метка может быть именно об этом событии их времен. Ну и кусок из Факри о метке

THE THIRD PYRAMID
In May, 1968, the Antiquities Department decided to prepare the Pyramid of Menkure, as it had the Pyramid of Khafre, and entrusted the work to its inspector of the pyramids, Aly Hassan. Now its interior is clean and illuminated and can be easily visited.
Upon removing the great heaps of debris against the north face, near the entrance, archeologists had more than one surprise. Since 1839, when the entrance of this pyramid was found by Perring and Vyse, many visitors, especially Egyptologists, have visited the interior, but none ever suspected that at a distance of half a meter from the entrance (below and to the east) there was a hieroglyphic text on the granite casing of the pyramid.
The text is composed of at least five lines of sunken relief. The western part of it has deteriorated badly and only a few signs are visible, but the eastern half of the text, i.e., the part which is furthest from the entrance, is in better condition. It gives us the date on which the king was buried in his eternal abode, his tomb, though, unfortunately, the year is missing. The stone has weathered badly in the place where the year ought to be, but from the preserved part we know that his burial took place on the twenty-third day of the fourth month of the winter season. This month begins roughly in the middle of February, and thus we can say that Menkure was buried in his pyramid in March. His death must have occurred some months earlier since mummifying the body and preparing the funerary furniture took several months (see above, pp. 16-17). The length of Menkure's reign is generally accepted as not less than 21 years and not more than 28; and this deteriorated hieroglyphic text was our best chance to discover the exact date.
Four cartouches containing royal names can be distinguished, with some difficulty because they are very badly preserved. The names in two of them are beyond recognition, and a third is not certain. The preserved cartouche contains the name "Menkure." We can expect that one of the three other cartouches is that of his son Shepseskaf, because it was he who succeeded Menkure to the throne, performed all the ceremonies of the burial and completed Menkure's unfinished monuments, including the pyramid and its temples (see above, p. 139).
Around the entrance we can see eight courses of granite blocks remaining from the ancient casing; three of these courses are above the entrance, which is cut in the fifth from the base. The granite casing blocks were left rough; the ancient masons smoothed only the part which contains the entrance and the text. Menkure, however, died before his pyramid was finished.
In June, 1968, almost in front of the entrance, remains of brick walls and a great number of small chips of stone were found. The work is not yet complete, but in my opinion we have here in all probability the remains of a chapel in which stood an offering table. Several examples of these chapels, which stood before the entrances of the pyramids at the north side, are known to us; a good example was found in front of the entrance to the Bent Pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur (Ahmed Fakhry, The Monuments of Sneferu at Dahshur, I [Cairo, 1959], 41 ff).
From, "The Pyramids", By Ahmed Fakhry, Fourth Impression 1975, pp 257- 8

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