SilverFox:

Спасибо за ссылку. Это мне известно - как я уже говорил в учебном фильме про это довольно хорошо обедняют и даже показывают.

Вот нашел ссылку :


Spiral Propwash.(slipstream) The prop does not throw the propwash straight back - there's some drag on the prop, and that tends to make the wash behind it come off in a spiral fashion. And the problem comes when that spiral flow meets the rudder. If the rudder/fin is mounted high, the plane will turn (yaw) left because only the top part of the spiral hits it. See fig. 1. On a taildragger at rest, tail down, this may not be the case, and even the reverse may be true because the propwash must be mostly parallel to the ground. See fig. 2."

http://www.mindspring.com/~cramskill/propeff1.gif

То что вы описываете это
"Torque. Our props have a certain amount of drag - and the torque (twisting force) the engine exerts on the air is, in opposite fashion, also exerted through the engine mount to the airplane. Since all our props turn to the right, that means there is a force trying to twist (roll) the airplane to the left. Note that this force is about the ROLL axis - the torque forces do not by themselves TURN or yaw the plane as do the previous two effects. We automatically take care of this with ailerons in keeping the wings level, and it really doesn't take much force from the ailerons to do it. On the ground, all torque forces are countered by the wheels."

http://www.mindspring.com/~cramskill/propefct.htm

На самом деле если мы будет рассматривать общее поведение самолета то здесь конечно все четыре эффекта будут играть роль в совокупности .