Поскольку игра является симулятором, то хотелось бы привести её к истинным соотношениям. Обещанные документы (сорри, что много):
Что касается Т-34, то специалисты отмечали следующие слабые места броневого корпуса:
1. Ослабление верхнего лобового броневого листа, наличием люка механика-водителя и большого выреза под шаровую установку пулемета.
2. Тот же верхний лист проявлял склонность к образованию трещин, т.к. был изготовлен из гомогенной брони высокой твердости; это вызывалось огневой резкой и сваркой листа сложной конфигурации при большом объеме сварочных работ.
2. Большое количество привариваемых мелких деталей (буксирные крюки, пулеотражательные планки) приводило к местному ослаблению броневого листа и способствовало закусыванию бронебойных снарядов. (И.Шмелев Т-34)
Любопытен отрывок из отчета о боевых действия 10 тд в первые дни войны :
"В основном танки "KB" и "T-34" имеют высокие боевые качества: крепкую броню и хорошее оружие. На поле боя танки "KB" приводили в смятение танки противника и во всех случаях его танки отступали.
Бойцы и командиры дивизии о наших танках говорят, как об очень надежных машинах. Наряду с этими качествами машины имеют следующие дефекты:
1. По танку "KB"
а) При попадании снаряда и крупнокалиберных пуль происходит заклинивание башни в погоне и заклинивание бронированных колпаков….
2. По танку "T-34"
а) Броня машин и корпуса с дистанции 300-400 м пробивается 37-мм бронебойным снарядом. Отвесные листы бортов пробиваются 20-мм бронебойным снарядом. При преодолении рвов вследствие низкой установки машины зарываются носом, сцепление с грунтом недостаточное из-за относительной гладкости трактов.
б) При прямом попадании снаряда проваливается передний люк водителя.
в) Гусеница машины слабая - берет любой снаряд…."
Корпус Т-34 сваривался из брони высокой твердости (400-450 НВ), которая действительно имеет снарядостойкость выше гомогенной брони средней твердости, но при этом имеет более высокую хрупкость (т.е. даже без пробития брони возникают проломы, отколы с тыльной стороны поражают экипаж и оборудование). Корпус КВ сваривался из сравнительно "мягкой" брони- 250 НВ. Немецкого Pz-IV из брони трведости 320 НВ, причем лобовые детали из цементированной брони (наружный слой- 520 НВ, внутренний- 280 НВ). Цементированная (гетерогенная) броня - самый дорогой вариант, но и понятно самая лучшая снарядостойкость.
«Обыкновенный бронебойный снаряд 75 мм пушки ПаК40 гарантированно пробивал ВЛД танка с дистанции 1000-1200 метров. С дистанции 2000 метров при обстреле ВЛД танка этими снарядами возникали опасные отколы брони. И это самая защищенная деталь...» Книга «Бронезащита танков Т-34»
Рапорт 13./PzRgt "Grossdeutchland" за период 7-19
марта: "...На расстоянии 600-1000 м бронебойный снаряд уверенно
поражает лобовую броню Т-34. В 80% случаев снаряд поражает топливные
баки и вызывает пожар"
По результатам битвы под Москвой (с 9 октября 1941 года по 15 марта 1942 года) был составлен отчет, в котором изучались наши пораженные танки. Отмечается, что общее число попаданий превышает число поражений в среднем в 1,6 – 2,7 раза, т.е. в среднем не больше 2-3 попаданий на уничтоженный танк. Основным ПТО (по количеству поражений) являлись орудия калибра 50мм. (Свирин). К сожалению, не нашел документ от 44 года, где отмечалось, что в связи с переходом немцев на ПТО калибра 75 и 88 мм отношение попаданий к пробитиям изменилось до 1,1-1,4 (если не ошибаюсь).
---------- Добавлено в 15:31 ---------- Предыдущее сообщение было написано в 15:28 ----------
Продолжение:
Обстрел Т-54 в 60-м году в Югославии:
To start with T-54:
75mm M40 PaK40 firing AP, HVAP and HEAT
Fails to penetrate glacis with any kind of ammo even @100m.
Fails to penetrate front turret with any kind of amm even @ 100m.
M39 (PzGr.39?) APC penetrates side hull @ 1000m.*
M40 (PzGr.40?) subcalibre penetrates hull @ 1000m.*
M38B (Hl.38/B?) HEAT failed to penetrate side hull.
Fails to penetrate frontal part of side turret with any kind off ammo.
M40 subcalibre penetrates rear part of the side turret @ 300m.
M39 APC and M38/C HEAT rear part of side turret.
Conclusion - 75mm M40 ATG is obsolute when used vs newest foreing tanks - to be witdrawn to reserve use. Gunners should be instructed to aim for side hull at close ranges.
85mm ZiS-S-53 (from T-34/85) firing AP, HVAP and HEAT
Fails to penetrate glacis with any kind of amm even @ 100m.
Fails to penetrate turret front with any kind off ammo even @ 100m.
BR-365 AP penetrates side hull @ 1000m.*
BR-365P subcaliber penetrates side hull @ 1000m.*
Fails to penetrate frontal part of side turret with any kind off ammo.
BR-365P subcalibre penetrates rear part of the side turret @ 350m.
BR-365 AP penetrates rear part of side turret @ 150m
Conclusion - 85mm tank gun with ammo in use can not fight efectively vs new foreing tanks. New ammo developement is recomended.**
*It apears that a gun was not tested at distances greater then 1000m.
**Later (in 1963.) newer BR-367 AP, BR-367P HVAP and BK-367 HEAT were tested but I have no info about those tests.
More tomorrow.
88mm PaK43 firing AP and HVAP
Fails to penetrate glacis with any kind of ammo even @100m
M39 (PzGr.39?) AP penetrates front turret @600m.
M54 subcalibere (US 90mm HVAP fitted to 88mm) penetrates front turret @800m.
Both rounds penetrate side hull at any practical range
M39 AP penetrates frontal part of the side turret @1250m.
M54 subcaliber penetrates frontal part of the side turret @1750m.
Both rounds penetrate rear part of the side turret at any practical range.
Conclusion - 88mm M41/43 is very efective vs new foreing tanks in ambush positions. It's efectivenes vs frontal aspect of the new foreing tanks is insuficient.
90mm M3A1 (from M-36 TD) firing AP and HVAP
Fails to penetrate glacis with any kind of ammo even @100m
T33 AP fails to penetrate frontal turret even @ 100m.
M304 subcalibre penetrates frontal turret @ 600m.
Both rounds penetrate side hull at any practical range.
T33 AP penetrates frontal part of the side turret @250m.
M304 subcalibre subcaliber penetrates frontal part of the side turret @1500m.
T33 AP penetrates rear part of the side turret @ 750m
M304 subcalibre penetrates rear par of the side turret at any practical range.
Conclusion: SO-90 M-36 can ony be efectively used vs new foreing tanks from ambush at range less then 1500m, with subcalibre ammo.
Adition 1: Developement of HEAT ammo suitable to be fired from M3A1 gun mounted on SO-90 M-36 is recomended.
90mm M36 gun from M-47 tank firing AP, HVAP and HEAT
T-33 AP fails to penetrate glacis even @ 100m
M304 subcalibre fails to penetrate glacis even @ 100m
M431 HEAT penetrates glacis, but fails to fuse if side angle is more then 20deg.
T33AP penetrates front turret @ 350m
M304 subcalibre penetrates front turret @ 750m
M431 HEAT penetrates front turret
T33AP penetrates frontal part of the side of the turret @ 850m
M304 subcalibre penetrates frontal part of the side turret at any practical range
M431 HEAT penetrates frontal part of the side turret
All round penetrate rear part of the side turret at any practical range.
Conclusion:
Amount of M431 HEAT rounds in ammo load should be increased, and load of T33 AP be reduced.
Frontal engagement of the new foreing tanks is to be done only with M431 HEAT round.
Engagement from ambush position can be done with M304 subcalibre and M431 HEAT at any range and T33 AP at ranges less then 1000m.
Problem of M431 round failing to fuse at angles more then 60deg is to be fixed with production of domestic HEAT.
That round should be also capable of being fired from M3A1 gun mounted on SO-90 M-36. without sagnificent modifications to the gun or vehicle.
100mm D-10TG (from T-54A) firing BR-412B APBC, BK-5 and BK-5M HEAT
BR-412B AP fails to penetrate front hull even @ 100m.
BK-5 and BK-5M HEAT penetrate front hull.
BR-412B AP penetrates front turret @500m.
BK-5 and BK-5M HEAT penetrate front turret.
All rounds penetrate side hull at any practical range.
BR-412B AP penetrates frontal part of the side turret @1000m.
BK-5 and BK-5M HEAT penetrate frontal part of the side turret.
BR-412B AP penetrates rear part of the side turret at any practical range.
BK-5 and BK-5M HEAT penetrate rear part of the side turret.
Conclusion:
BK-5 and BK-5M HEAT is best anti-tank ammo available. With it T-54A tank can fight vs any modern tank from any angle. BR-412B AP is usefull only from ambush situations at ranges less then 1000m.
105mm M27A1 RCL
M52 HEAT* penetrates any aspect of T-54A tank, but fails to fuse if compaunded angle exceeds 60deg.
Conclusion:
Standard AT-guns in AT-company of the infantry brigade should be replaced with 105mm M27A1 RCL, as it is much more efective vs new foreing tanks.
New domestic HEAT ammo should be developed that will reliably fuse at angles of mote then 60deg.
*This is a strange designation as I failed to find a US HEAT with such designation (and JNA always used US and UK original ammo designations), and that is definetly not domestic ammo...
105mm M2 FH firing M67 HEAT and experimental HESH round that will later become M69 HESH.
M67 HEAT panetrates side hull.
M67 HEAT fails to penetrate any other aspect of T-54A tank.
HESH round produces sagnificent spalling that is enough to disable tank with any hit other then frontal turret. In case of frontal turret hits spalling is enough to disable crew but tank will remain operational.
Conclusion:
All M67 HEAT ammo for 105mm howitzers is to be changed for HESH ammo on 1-1 basis.
More on Monday.
Guns vs T-34/85:
Armor on the test tank:
Hull is made from 350 BHN steel
Glacis - 46mm @ 60deg
Upper side hull - 45mm @ 40deg
Lower side hull - 45mm @ 0deg
Rear hull - 47mm @ 48deg
Turret:
Front turret - 90mm, rounded
Side turret 76mm @ 20deg
Rear turret - 50mm @ 10deg
57mm M18A1 RCL
M307 HEAT fails to penetrate glacis
M307 HEAT penetrates upper side hull if side angle is less then 20deg
M307 HEAT penetrates lower side hull where it is not covered with roadwheels
M307 HEAT fails to penetrate front turret
M307 HEAT penetrates side turret if side angle is less then 20deg
M307 HEAT penetrates rear turret
M307 HEAT penetrates rear hull if side angle is less then 20deg.
Conclusion - BsT 57mm M18A1 is not efective AT-weapon, even vs older oponents tanks.
75mm M20 RCL
M310 HEAT penetrates glacis if side angle is less then 20deg.
M310 HEAT penetrates upper side hull if side angle is less then 30deg
M310 HEAT penetrates lower side hull
M310 HEAT penetrate front turret if side angle is less then 20deg
M310 HEAT penetrates side turret if side angle is less then 45deg
M310 HEAT penetrates rear turret
M310 HEAT penetrates rear hull if side angle is less then 45deg.
Conclusion: BsT 75mm M20 is efective vs older oponents tanks from ambush positions.
75mm M40 PaK40 firing AP, HVAP and HEAT
M39 AP (PzGr.39?) penetrates glacis @ 1300m*
M40 subcaliber (PzGr.40?) penetrates glacis @ 1200m*
M40W** subcaliber (PzGr.40W?) fails to penetrate glacis.
M38B HEAT (Hl.38/B?) penetrates glacis if side angle is less then 20deg.
M39 AP penetrates upper side hull @ 1750m
M40 subcalibre penetrates side hull at any efective range
M40W subcaliber penetrates side hull @ 200m
M38B HEAT penetrates side hull if side angle is less then 30 deg.
All rounds penetrate lower side hull at any efective range.
M39 AP penetrates front turret @ 1000m
M40 subcaliber penetrates front turret @ 1250m
M40W subcaliber fails t penetrate front turret
M38B HEAT fails to penetrate front turret
M39 AP penetrates side turret @ 1750m
M40 subcaliber penetrates side turret at any efective range
M40W subcaliber penetrates side turret @ 200m
M38B HEAT penetrates side turret if side angle is less then 30deg
*It apears that subcaliber (APCR/HVAP) suffered more from high hardness, largely sloped glacis...
**That is a version of M40 subcaliber that had soft steel core. It was acording to the manuel to be used vs "fast, lightly armored targets"...
76mm M1 (from M4A3E4 tank) firing AP and HVAP
M79 AP penetrates glacis @ 1100m
M53 subcaliber penetrates glacis @ 1200m
M79 AP penetrates upper side hull @ 1500m
M53 subcaliber penetrates upper side hull at any practical range.
Both rounds penetrate lower side hull at any practical range
M79 AP penetrates front turret @ 900m
M53 subcaliber penetrates front turret @ 1500m
M79 AP penetrates side turret @ 1500m
M53 subcaliber penetrates side turret at any efective range.
85mm ZiS-S-53 (from T-34/85) firing AP, HVAP and HEAT
BR-365 AP penetrates glacis @ 1200m
BR-365P subcaliber penetrates glacis @ 1300m
BR-365 AP penetrates upper side hull @ 1750m
BR-365P subcaliber penetrates upper side hull at any practical range.
Both rounds penetrate lower side hull at any practical range.
BR-365 AP penetrates front turret @ 1000m
BR-365P subcaliber penetrates front turret @ 1500m
BR-365 AP penetrates side turret @ 1500m
BR-365P subcaliber penetrates side turret at any practical range.
PS. More next week, probably monday...
At ranges less then 1000m real distance between gun and target was used, and at ranges more then 1000m charge was reduced to simulate velocity loss, usualy in 1250/1500/1750/2000m increments.
90mm M3A1 (from M-36 TD) firing AP and HVAP
T33 AP penetrates glacis at any efective range*. After seven rounds fired glacis failed criticaly** and furter testing was stoped.
M304 subcaliber penetrates glacis at any efective range*
T33 AP penetrates both upper and lower side hull at any efective range*.
M304 penetrates both upper and lower side hull at any efective range*.
T33 AP penetrates turret from all aspects at any evective range*.
Side turret criticaly failed** after 8th hit and testin was stopped.
M304 HVAP penetrates turret from all aspects at any efective range.*
*Efective range - 2000m
*Failed criticaly - large cracks apeared and plate shetered at places.
90mm M36 (from M-47 tank) firing AP, HVAP and HEAT
T33 AP and M304 HVAP - same results as from M3A1 gun
M431 HEAT - penetrates all aspect.
Fails to fuse vs glacis if side angle is more then 20deg.
Fails to fuse vs upper side hull if side angle is more then 45deg.
Conclusion - when firing at older tanks T33 AP and M304 subcaliber should be used in preferance to HEAT ammo.
105mm M27A1 RCL
M52 HEAT penetrates all aspects.
Fails to fuse vs glacis if side angle is more then 20deg.
Fails to fuse vs upper side hull if side angle is more then 45deg.
105mm M2 FH firing M67 HEAT and experimental HESH round
M67 HEAT penetrates glacis if side angle is less then 20deg.
M67 HEAT penetrates upper side hull if side angle is less then 45deg
M67 HEAT penetrates lower side hull
M67 HEAT penetrates front turret if side angle is less then 20deg.
M67 HEAT penetrates side turret if side angle is less then 45deg.
HESH round produces sagnificent spalling and failure of armor plates at any angle of hit.
Glacis criticaly failed after 2nd hit.
Side turret criticaly failed after 3rd hit.




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